Geriatric Oncology Care
Geriatric Oncology Care focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and overall management of cancer in older adults, typically above 60 years of age. As life expectancy increases, the incidence of cancer in the elderly population continues to rise. Older patients often have multiple health issues, reduced immunity, and age-related physiological changes, which make cancer care more complex and require a highly individualized approach.
Common Symptoms of Cancer in Older Adults
Cancer symptoms in elderly individuals can often be vague or similar to other age-related conditions, making early detection difficult. Common symptoms include:
- Unexplained weight loss
- Persistent fatigue or weakness
- Loss of appetite
- Chronic pain or discomfort
- Unusual lumps or swelling
- Changes in bowel or bladder habits
- Persistent cough or difficulty breathing
- Bleeding without a known cause
- Non-healing sores
Because older adults may dismiss these symptoms as “age-related issues,” regular screening and medical evaluation are essential.
Causes and Risk Factors
Cancer in older adults is caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Major causes include:
- Aging cells: DNA damage accumulates with age, increasing cancer risk.
- Family history or genetic predisposition
- Long-term exposure to carcinogens such as tobacco, pollution, chemicals, and radiation
- Chronic medical conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and hormonal changes
- Weakened immune system due to aging
- Poor lifestyle habits like smoking, alcohol intake, and unhealthy diet
Diagnosis and Assessment
Geriatric oncology requires a thorough evaluation that includes:
- Complete medical history and physical examination
- Diagnostic tests: blood tests, imaging (CT, MRI, PET), and biopsies
- Geriatric Assessment to evaluate functional status, mobility, cognition, nutritional health, and emotional well-being
This assessment helps doctors create a customized treatment plan that balances effectiveness with safety.
Treatment Options
Treatment for elderly cancer patients is personalized based on overall health, age, cancer type, and stage. Options include:
- Surgery – Performed only when the patient’s health supports safe recovery
- Chemotherapy – Modified doses may be required to reduce side effects
- Radiation therapy – Targeted treatment to shrink tumors with minimal impact on surrounding tissues
- Hormone therapy – Often used in breast and prostate cancers
- Immunotherapy – Helps boost the body’s natural defense system
- Palliative and supportive care – Manages symptoms, pain, nutrition, and improves quality of life